vlemeJY q&m0ef - tcGifhta&;rsm;
vlemwpfa,mufjzpfcJhvdkY&Sd&if udk,fjyovdkcsifwJh q&m0efudkudk,fwdkif a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ q&m0efwpfa,mufeJY jyoNyD; (tqifrajyvdkY) aemufwpfa,mufeJY ajymif;NyD;jyo&wJh tcg yxrq&m0ef&JU xifjrif,lqcsuf? ukocsufawGudk aemufq&m0eftm; ajymjyoifhygovm;/ aq;ukorI cH,laewJh umvrSmeJY rcH,lrd umvawGrSm udk,fhudka&m*g b,fvdk&SmazG prf;oyfaew,f qdkwmawG? a&m*gtrnf b,fvdkwwfxm;w,f qdkwmawG? ukorIrSm ukefus&r,fh pm;&dwfpu pwmawGudk vlemu ar;ydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ ukorIwpfck? a&m*g&SmazGrIwpfck 'grSr[kwf cGJpdwfrIwpfckckudk vlemudk,fwdkifu rcH,lcsifwJh pdwfjzpfay:cJh&if jiif;qefydkifcGifh&Sdygovm;/ ukorI? ppfaq;rIwpfcktwGuf rSm;,Gif;csuf wpfpHkwpf&m ay:aygufvmcJhvdkY&Sd&if vlemudk,fwdkif od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ tJhovdkrSm;,Gif;rIaMumifh rvdkvm;tyfwJh tusdK;ouf a&mufrIwpfckck ay:aygufvmcJh&if vlem (odkYr[kwf aqGrsdK;) u b,fvdk wkefYjyefoifhygovJ/ pwJh pwJh tJ'Dvdk ar;cGef;rsdK;awG[m aq;ynme,fy,f&JU usifh0wfrsm;eJY ywfoufaeygw,f/
rSm;,Gif;rI om"utcsdKU
vlemrSm; / q&m0efavmurSm OD;azMunf&JU tom;ptajzeJY OD;azausmf&JU tom;ptajzrSm;,Gif;NyD; aq;ukowmrsdK;awG? arG;uif;pcav;csif;rSm;,Gif;NyD; wu,frarG;vdkufwJh rdb&JU vufxJudk cav;rSm;NyD; a&muf&SdoGm;wmawG? vlemrSm;NyD; aoG;oGif;vdkufwmawG? vlemrSm;NyD; aq;xdk;vdkufrdwmawG jzpfay:cJhzl;ygw,f/
t*FgrSm; / oGm;rSm;NyD; EIwfwmawG? vufacsmif;rSm;NyD; jzwfwmawG? b,feJYnm ausmufuyfrSm;NyD; jzwfxkwfrdvdkufwmawG[m jzpfcJh? jzpfaeqJ&Sdaeygw,f/ t*FvefEdkifiHrSmawmif aq;½Hkwuf&wJh vlemq,f&mcdkifEIef;[m 'Dvdk umuG,fEdkifwJh rSm;,Gif;rIrsdK;awGudk jzpfcJhzl;w,fvdkYqdkygw,f/
t*FvefEdkifiHrS trSm;rsm; / 2004 - ckESpf? pm&if;Z,m;t& wpfESpfudk aq;½Hkwufa&mufwJh vlemaygif; &Spfoef;avmuf&Sd&mrSm &Spfodef;cGJavmufu 'DvdkrSm;,Gif;rIawGeJY BuHKBudKufcJhMu&NyD; aq;½Hkwuf&wJh &ufawG ydkrdkMumjrifhcJh&w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'DhtwGuf aygifpwmvif aiGaygif; 2 bDvD,ef qHk;½IH;cJh&zl;ygonf/
'gawGudk Munfh&ifvlemawG&JU tcGifhta&;awGudk vlemawG udk,fwdkifydkrdkod&SdzdkY vdktyf vmNyDqdkwm&,f? vlemawGudk ydkrdktcGifhta&; awGay;NyD; wav;wpm; qufqHvmMuzdkY&,f? aq;ukoay;wJh q&m0efawG b,fuvnf; ta&;w,l *½kpdkufay;zdkY vdktyfvmNyDqdkwmawGudk todtrSwfjyKMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/
vlemtcGifhta&; (&ydkifcGifh) rsm; (Patient's Rights)
vlemtcGifhta&;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY OD;pGmwifjyyghr,f/
tar&duefq&m0efrsm;toif; (American Medical Association) &JU vlem&ydkifcGifh oufrSwfcsufawGxJu aumufEIwfcsuf tcsdKUuawmhjzifh ...
1/ q&m0efxHrS ukorIqdkif&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk od&SdydkifcGifh&SdNyD; aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;ESifh wpfjcm;ukoEdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udkyg aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
2/ q&m0efrS ñTefMum;vdkufaom ukocsuftay: cH,loifhvlemrSom qHk;jzwfydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
3/ vlemwpfa,muftaeeJY rdrdtm; av;pm;rI? ta&;xm;rI? odu©m&SdrI? xda&mufpGm wkefYjyefrIESifh tcsdefrD ukocH,lrIrsm; cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
4/ vlem&JU vQdKUcsufrsm;udk xdef;odrf;ay;xm;EdkifzdkY &ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
EdkifiHwumaq;avmurSm vuf&SdusifhoHk;aewJh vlemydkiftcGifhta&;awGuawmh
1/ vlem[mrdrdudkukoaewJh q&m0efeJY olemjyKawG&JU trnfemrnf? uRrf;usifrIawGudk od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
2/ ukorI&JU jzpfpOfawGudk BudKwif od&Sd ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
3/ ukorIcH,l&mrSm a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh&SdwJh wjcm;ukorI enf;vrf;awGeJY tEÅ&m,fawGudk BudKwif od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
4/ ukorIcH,lrD ukocsuftay:rSm vlem&JU oabmxm;udk wifjyydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
5/ ukocsufudk vufrcHyJ jiif;qdkydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
6/ q&m0efu vlem&JU taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vQdKU0Suf umuG,fxm;ay;&yghr,f/
7/ vlemtm;okawoejyKrIxJwGif yg0ifaeonfqdkonfudk vlemu BudKwifodxm;&yghr,f/
8/ a&m*gtrnfazmfxkwfrIeJY a&SUqufvufajymif;vJoGm;EdkifrI? aumif;Edkifacs? qdk;EdkifacsawGudk od&Sdxm;cGifh&Sdygw,f/
9/ aq;½Hkqif;NyD; aemufqufwGJ apmifha&Smufay;EdkifrIawGudk od&Sdxm;&yghr,f/
10/ aq;½Hkaq;cef; ukefusp&dwfawGudk od&SdydkifcGifh&SdNyD; b,fvdkay;acs&rvJ qdkwmudkvnf;BudKwif odxm;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
11/ vlemudkav;pm;pGm apmifha&SmufcH,lydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
12/ rdrd&JU rSwfwrf;rSwf&m (r,f'Du,f&ufaumh)rsm;udk (owfrSwfxm;wJh tcaMu;aiGay;oGif;NyD;) awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
13/ taumif;qHk;aom 0efaqmifay;EdkifrIudk&&SdzdkY awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
tckazmfjyvdkufwJh vlemtcGifhta&;awGudk q&m0ef - vlem qufqHrIe,fy,frSm tav;xm; vdkufemvmMur,fqdk&if txufujyqdkcJhwJh rSm;,Gif;rIawG[mvnf; avsmhenf; aysmufuG,foGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmvlrsdK;awG&JU rGefjrwfwJh tpOftvmwpfckuawmh ]rdrdudkukoay;aewJh q&m0efq&mrawG tay:rSm vlemawGu rdrdwdkY&JU toufocifaus;Zl;&Sif? u,fwif&Siftjzpf ½IjrifaeMujcif;ygyJ} 'g[m b,fEdkifiHb,fvlrsdK;ESifh rSrEIIdif;,SOfEdkifwJh q&m - vlem qufqHa&; wpf&yfyJjzpfygw,f/ rSm;,Gif;rI wpf&yfjzpfcJh&ifawmifrS ]uH}tay:rSmyJ ,dk;pGyfavh&SdMuygw,f/ jrefrmhaq;avmurSm vlemtcGifhta&;rsm;udk tav;xm;&if;eJY 'Dvdkaumif;jrwfwJh tpOftvmrsm;udkvnf; qufvuf xdef;odrf;xm;oifhygw,f/ vlem - q&m qufqHa&;eJY ywfoufvdkY q&m0efrsm;zufrSvnf; q&m0efrsm;&JU &ydkifcGifhESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wifjyay;ygOD;r,f/
q&m0efrsm;&ydkifcGifh&Sdonfh tcGifhta&;rsm; (Doctor's Rights)
vlemawGeJY qufqHwJhtcgrSm q&m0efawGtaeeJY b,fvdktcGifhta&;awG &ydkifcGifhawG? jyKydkifcGifhawG &Sdw,fqdkwJh taMumif;udk EdkifiHwum aq;½Hkaq;cef;awGrSm usifhoHk;aeMuwJh usifh0wfawGudk udk;um;NyD; aqG;aEG;wifjyay;yghr,f/
q&m0ef&JU t"duwm0efubmvJ/
a,sbl,stm;jzifhawmh b,fq&m0efrqdk vlemawG&JU ta&;udk rdrd&JUta&;eJY wef;wl,lqNyD; OD;pm;ay; aqmif&Gufay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ vlem&JU pdwfa&mudk,fyg usef;rma&;twGuf aqmif&Gufay;zdkY wm0ef&Sdygw,f/
udk;uG,fwJhbmoma&;aMumifh ukorIrSm ajymif;vJrI&Sdwwfygovm;/
- r&Sdygbl;/ vlemtwGuf qHk;jzwfcsufay;&mrSm vlemudk;uG,fwJh bmoma&;? cH,lxm;&SdwJht,l0g'? ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rI pwmawGudk av;pm;vdkufemNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/
ukorIjiif;y,faewJh vlemudk ukoay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- pdwftajctae aumif;rGefpGm&SdaewJh vlemtay:rSm vlem&JUoabmwlcsuf rygyJ rnfonfhukocsuf prf;oyfcsufudk rQvkyfaqmif ydkifcGifhr&Sdygbl;/ (vlemudk,fwdkif touftEÅ&m,f pdk;&drfae&wJh ta&;ay: tajctaersdK;eJY wjcm;olawGudk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifr,fh tajctaersdK;awGrSm qdk&ifawmh oabmwlcsufudk ausmfvTm; vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygw,f)/
- prf;oyfrI? ukorIwpfckckudk vlemu jiif;qefwJhtcgrSm jzpfay:vmr,fh tusdK;oufa&mufrIawGudk vlemtm; today;NyD;om;jzpf&yghr,f/ vlem&JU jiif;qefydkifcGifhudk av;pm;vdkufem&yghr,f/
- vlemudk,fwdkif&JU udk,fBudKufESpfouf&m q&m0ef? aq;cef;? aq;½Hk pwmawGudk a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJ ukoydkifcGifhqdkwmudk av;pm; vdkufemay;&yghr,f/
q&m0ef[m aq;ukoae&if;uae rdrdzmom &yfqdkif;ypfvdkY&ygovm;/
- vlemqDu a&m*gul;pufrSm pdk;&GHUNyD; vlemudkukoae&mu ae&yfqdkif;ypfvdkY r&ygbl;/ vlemudk,fwdkifu q&m0eftay:rSm ,HkMunfrI r&Sdawmhygbl;vdkY zGifh[vmcJh&ifawmh (vlemudk,fwdkifuvnf; uefYuGufrIr&SdcJh&if) q&m0ef[m 'Dvlemudk qufvuf ukoaejcif;udk &yfqdkif;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/ vlemucGifhjyKcJh&if aemufqufvuf ukor,fhq&m0efudk rdrd&&SdNyD;om; owif;tcsuftvufawGudk vTJajymif;ay;zdkY wm0ef&Sdygw,f/
vlemawGtay:rSm okawoejyK ukocGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemtm; pmayoifMum;rIwGif toHk;csjcif;? okawoejyKrIwGif toHk;csjcif;rsm;twGuf vlemudk BudKwif today;xm;&yghr,f/
aq;ukoae&if; a&m*gqdk;&Gm;vmcJh&if q&m0efrSmtjypf&Sdygovm;/
- ukorI&JUjzpfpOf? ajymif;vJvmrIjzpfpOf? qdk;&Gm;vmEkdifzG,f&mjzpfpOf pwmawGudk vlemem;vnfEdkifwJh pum;vHk;awGoHk;NyD; ESpfodrfhay;jcif;? rSefuefpGm today;jcif;rsm;jzifh &Sif;vif;jy&ef wm0ef&Sdygw,f/ (q&m0efu tcsdef ay;NyD; raqG;aEG;Edkif&ifawmifrS aq;buf0efxrf; wpfOD;OD;rS BudKwiftoday; aqG;aEG;xm;ay;&yghr,f)/ ayghavsmhrI (Negligence) aMumifh r[kwfvsif tjypfr&Sdyg/
vlemrodyJ aq;rSwfwrf;udk jyifqifa&;oGif;vdkY&ygovm;/
aq;rSwfwrf;rSm a&;oGif;orQudk vlemtm; today;oifhygw,f/ vlemrodyJ jyifqif a&;oGif;jcif;[m BuD;av;aom tjypf'Pftjzpf owfrSwfxm;avh&Sdygw,f/ aq;rSwfwrf;yg tcsuftvufrsm;udk vlemrSvGJNyD; wjcm;rnfolYudkrQ todray;tyfygbl;/
vlemudk "gwfyHk½dkuf,lcGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemoabmwlvsif ½dkufcGifh&Sdygw,f/ aq;ynmjyefYyGm;a&; udpöuvGJvdkY vlem&JU"gwfyHk? ukorI "gwfyHkpwmawGudk jzefYcsdjcif;? trsm;jrifomatmif jyKjcif;pwmawGudk vkyfaqmifcGifhr&Sdygbl;/ vlemu cGifhjyKwJhwdkifatmif vlem&JUtrnfemr? rsufESm trSwftom;pwmawGudk azmfjyjcif;rjyKrdzdkY apmifhpnf;&yghr,f/
"gwfpm aq;0g;wdkufa<u;wmawG? ,Mwmacscdkif;wmawG vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygovm;/
- r&Sdygbl;/ rdrdroduRrf;wJhaq;0g;? oufaotajcjyKcsufrcdkifvHkwJh ukocsuf? ppfaq;csuf pwmawGudk vlemu cGifhjyKcsuf ay;vmwmawmif vkyfaqmifray;&ygbl;/
- ukorIwpfck[m a&m*gvHk;0aysmufuif;atmif ukoaewmr[kwfyJ oufom&mtusdK;&&SdapzdkY vkyfaqmifaewmjzpfwJh taMumif;udk vlem;tm; today;&½Hkomru oabmwlnDrIudkyg &,lNyD;rS vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
q&m0efcsif; vlemtaMumif;udk wdkifyifMujcif;jzifh vQdKU0SufrIaygufMum;jcif;udk jzpfapygovm;/
- ukoaeaom q&m0eftzGJU0ifrsm;u vlem&JU taMumif;csif;&mrsm;udk tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;wdkifyif ESD;aESmEdkifygaomfvnf; jyifyudk raygufMum;tyfygbl;/
udk,ft*Fgtpm;xdk;jcif;udk q&m0efwpfOD;wnf;u vkyfaqmifEdkifygovm;/
- vlem&JU udk,ft*Fgwpf&yf&yfudk tpm;xdk;ukozdkY vdktyfvmcJh&if uRrf;usifoltzGJUjzifhom qHk;jzwfNyD; vkyfaqmif&yghr,f/
tpm;iwfcHqE´jyaeoludk aq;ukoay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- tpmiwfcHqE´jyaeol&JU &nf&G,fcsuf[m touftaocHaewm r[kwfzl;qdkwmudk em;vnf ay;xm;&yghr,f/ jyifyrS zdtm;ay;ukoap vdkwJhtcgrSm vlem&JU jiif;qdkydkifcGifhudkvnf; tav;xm;ay;&yghr,f/
vlom;udk,fyGm;zefwD;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlom;udk,fyGm;zefwD;rIudk usifh0wfodu©mt& aqmif&GufcGifhr&Sdygbl;/
om;aMumjzwfay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemudk,fwdkifcGifhrjyKyJ om;aMumjzwfjcif;rsdK;udk rvkyfaqmif&ygbl;/
okufydk;tvSLcHNyD; arG;zGm;vmwJhcav;udk okwfydk;vSL'gef;vdkufwJh zcifESifhawGUqHkcGifhay;Edkifygovm;/
- rsdK;yGm;tulukorIawGrSm okufydk;vSLay;vdkufwJhol&JU trnfemreJY b,folb,f0gjzpfw,f qdkwmawGudk vQdKU0Sufxm;ay;&yghr,f/
aoawmhrSm aocsmaewJh vlemudk aq;rukoawmhyJ &yfqdkif;xm;oifhygovm;/
- aocgenf;vlemawGudk uko&mrSm toufqGJqefYxm;jcif;? wdkoGm;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyfoifhyJ oufawmifhoufomjzpfaponfh ukorIrsdK;udkom ay;&yghr,f/
ukorIatmifjrifwJh taMumif;udk aMumfjimvdkY&ygovm;/
- q&m0eftrnfudkaMumfjimjcif; atmifjrifonfhukorIrsm;udk aMumfjimjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&yg/
aq;ukocudk b,fvdkowfrSwfNyD; awmif;cHMuygovJ/
- wm0ef,luko&rIeJY wwfuRrf;wJh ynm&yftay:rlwnfNyD; tcaMu;aiG awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/ ukorIatmifjrifvdkY aiGaMu;awmif;cHwmrsdK; rjzpfap&ygbl;/ vlemtm; vHk;0EGrf;ygoGm;apwJh tcaMu;aiG owfrSwfjcif;rsdK;udk rjyK&ygbl;/ vlemac:ay;jcif;? pnf;½Hk;ay;jcif;rsm;twGuf aumfr&Sifay;jcif;? ,ljcif;rsm;rjyK&ygbl;/ wcsdKUEdkifiHawGrSm oufqdkif&maq;aumifpD? q&m0eftoif;rsm;u aq;uko&wJh tcaiGaMu;udk owfrSwfay;xm;NyD; &SdwwfMuygw,f/
tm,k'DC*sme,fwGif azmfjyyg&SdNyD;aom a'gufwmjrifhOD;(*sDyD)\ aqmif;ygrsm;rS aumufEIwf wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
