20 &mpkESpftwGif;rSm tcGifhta&;qdkwJh t,ltq[m tjynfjynfqdkif&mrSm ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f/ vlom;wdkif; wlnDwJh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tjynfUt0 cHpm;&r,fvdkU ,HkMunfvmMu&mrS uav;oli,fawGvnf; vlom;awG jzpfwJhtwGuf tjcm;vlom;rsm;eJU wef;wl tcGifhta&; &&dSoifhw,fvdkU todtrSwfjyKvmMuNyd; uav;oli,f tcGifhta&;awG jzpfxGef;vmcJhygw,f/
uav;awGu rdb? tkyfxdef;olpwJh olwdkUtay:rSm wm0ef&dSol vlBuD;awG&JU ydkifqdkifwJht&mawG r[kwfygbl;/ olwdkUawGu udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;&dSwJh vlom;awG jzpfaeMuygw,f/ ukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHawGtaeeJU vlUtcGifhta&;[m vlom;tm;vHk;eJU tBuHK;0ifw,fvdkU ,lqcJhayr,fhvnf; vufawGUrSm wu,frjzpfcJhygbl;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m vltcGihfta&; aMunmpmwrf; 1948 ckrSm ay:aygufvmcJhayr,fhvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;eJU uav;rsm;&JU tcGifhta&;awG arhavsmhxm;jcif; cHae&w,fqdkwmudk OD;aqmifvHSKaqmfaewJh ynm&SifawG? uRrf;usifolawGeJU ukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHawGu owdjyKrdvmcJhMuygw,f/
wu,fwrf;usawmh uav;oli,fawGu toufBuD;olawGeJU EdIif;,SOf&if olwdkUav;awG&JU r,SOfNydKifEdkifwJh oabmobm0awGeJUtwl tMurf;zufcH&jcif;? vGJrSm;pGm jyKrlcH&jcif;? vspfvsL½IcH&jcif;? acgif;yHkjzwfcH&jcif; pwJh taMumif;awGaMumifh vltzGJUtpnf;twGif;rSm twd'ku© trsm;qHk;eJU t&SnfMumqHk; cHpm;ae&wJholawG jzpfae&ygw,f/ tJ'DvdktjzpfawGudk em;vnf od&dSvmMuwJh tcsdefMurS uav;oli,fawG twGuf oD;jcm;tcGifhta&;awGudk tmrcHcsufay;r,fh tjynfjynfqdkif&m pmcsKyfwpf&yf ay:aygufvmapcJhygw,f/
arQmfwkef;arQmfcdkuf armifa&mufvm ovdkaygh/
tJ'D pmcsKyfu uav;oli,f tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m ukvor*¾ nDvmcHoabmwlpmcsKyf (Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC) yJjzpfygw,f/
CRC udk 1979 ckrSm pwif a&;qGJcJhygw,f/ tJ'DESpfudkyJ tjynfjynfqdkif&m uav;rsm;ESpfvdkU owfrSwfcJhygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmif uav;rsm;ESpf txdrf;trSwftjzpf uav;awG aqmhupm;aewJhyHkeJU wHqdyfacgif; xkwfa0cJhygao;w,f/ tJ'gudkawmh baxG;qDu vrf;qifhurf;cJhwJh tJ'DwHqdyfacgif; uRefawmfrSm &dSaevdkU odcJh&wmyg/ 1989 rSmawmh ukvor*¾ taxGaxGnDvmcHu pDtmpDudk twnfjyK jyXmef;cJhygw,f/ 1990 rSm vdktyfwJh EdkifiHta&twGuf jynfUpHkatmif vufrSwfa&;xdk;EdkifcJhvdkU pDtmpD[m tjynfjynfqdkif&m pmcsKyfwpf&yf jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
tJ'D CRC udk 2005 ckESpf txd tar&duefEdkifiHuvGJvdkU usefukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHtm;vHk;u vufrSwfa&;xdk; twnfjyKNyD; oufqdkif&m rdrdwdkU EdkifiHwGif; rl0g'rsm;? wnfqJOya'rsm;udk pDtmpDeJU udkufnDrI &dSapzdkU taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufaeMuygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJU pDtmpDudk 1991 Zlvdkif 16 &ufaeUrSm yg0ifvufrSwf a&;xdk;cJhygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 1993 Zlvdkif 14 &ufaeUrSm jrefrmEdkifiH uav;oli,fOya'udk jyXmef;ay;cJh&if; 1930 rSm xkwfcJhwJhOya'eJU 1955 cku xkwfjyefcJhwJh uav;oli,frsm; tufOya'udk 'DOya'topf jyXmef;jcif;eJUtwl zsufodrf;cJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh 2001 ckESpf rSm uav;oli,f enf;Oya'udk xyfrHxkwfjyef jyXmef;cJhygw,f/
uav;oli,fOya'eJU ygwfoufNyD; tao;pdwf ajymae&if Oya'bmom&yfudk oifae&ovdk pdwfr0ifpm;olrsm;twGuf ysif;p&m aumif;aerSmyg/ 'gaMumifh pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;wJh tydkif;av;awGeJU odoifhodxkdufwJh tydkif;av;awGudk aumufESKwfazmfjy xkwfEIwfa&;om;ay; ygr,f/
uRefawmfh&JU ydkUpfawGu jrefrmjynfu uav;oli,fawGtwGuf wpfaxmifh wpfae&muae tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifhavmuf tusdK;&dSae&ifyJ auseyfrdrSmyg/
uav;oli,fawG&JU tusdK;pD;yGg;udk wwfEdkifoavmuf Oya'abmiftwGif;u taumif;qHk; apmihfa&Smuf yHydk;EdkifMuygapvdkU ...
udk,f&JU vlrIb0ygwf0ef;usif todkif;t0dkif;rSm uav;oli,fawG&JU tcGifhta&;awGudk wwfEdkifoavmuf vufqifhurf; qufvufjzefUa0EdkifMuygapvdkU ...
uav;awGu rdb? tkyfxdef;olpwJh olwdkUtay:rSm wm0ef&dSol vlBuD;awG&JU ydkifqdkifwJht&mawG r[kwfygbl;/ olwdkUawGu udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;&dSwJh vlom;awG jzpfaeMuygw,f/ ukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHawGtaeeJU vlUtcGifhta&;[m vlom;tm;vHk;eJU tBuHK;0ifw,fvdkU ,lqcJhayr,fhvnf; vufawGUrSm wu,frjzpfcJhygbl;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m vltcGihfta&; aMunmpmwrf; 1948 ckrSm ay:aygufvmcJhayr,fhvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;eJU uav;rsm;&JU tcGifhta&;awG arhavsmhxm;jcif; cHae&w,fqdkwmudk OD;aqmifvHSKaqmfaewJh ynm&SifawG? uRrf;usifolawGeJU ukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHawGu owdjyKrdvmcJhMuygw,f/
wu,fwrf;usawmh uav;oli,fawGu toufBuD;olawGeJU EdIif;,SOf&if olwdkUav;awG&JU r,SOfNydKifEdkifwJh oabmobm0awGeJUtwl tMurf;zufcH&jcif;? vGJrSm;pGm jyKrlcH&jcif;? vspfvsL½IcH&jcif;? acgif;yHkjzwfcH&jcif; pwJh taMumif;awGaMumifh vltzGJUtpnf;twGif;rSm twd'ku© trsm;qHk;eJU t&SnfMumqHk; cHpm;ae&wJholawG jzpfae&ygw,f/ tJ'DvdktjzpfawGudk em;vnf od&dSvmMuwJh tcsdefMurS uav;oli,fawG twGuf oD;jcm;tcGifhta&;awGudk tmrcHcsufay;r,fh tjynfjynfqdkif&m pmcsKyfwpf&yf ay:aygufvmapcJhygw,f/
arQmfwkef;arQmfcdkuf armifa&mufvm ovdkaygh/
tJ'D pmcsKyfu uav;oli,f tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m ukvor*¾ nDvmcHoabmwlpmcsKyf (Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC) yJjzpfygw,f/
CRC udk 1979 ckrSm pwif a&;qGJcJhygw,f/ tJ'DESpfudkyJ tjynfjynfqdkif&m uav;rsm;ESpfvdkU owfrSwfcJhygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmif uav;rsm;ESpf txdrf;trSwftjzpf uav;awG aqmhupm;aewJhyHkeJU wHqdyfacgif; xkwfa0cJhygao;w,f/ tJ'gudkawmh baxG;qDu vrf;qifhurf;cJhwJh tJ'DwHqdyfacgif; uRefawmfrSm &dSaevdkU odcJh&wmyg/ 1989 rSmawmh ukvor*¾ taxGaxGnDvmcHu pDtmpDudk twnfjyK jyXmef;cJhygw,f/ 1990 rSm vdktyfwJh EdkifiHta&twGuf jynfUpHkatmif vufrSwfa&;xdk;EdkifcJhvdkU pDtmpD[m tjynfjynfqdkif&m pmcsKyfwpf&yf jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
tJ'D CRC udk 2005 ckESpf txd tar&duefEdkifiHuvGJvdkU usefukvor*¾tzGJU0if EdkifiHtm;vHk;u vufrSwfa&;xdk; twnfjyKNyD; oufqdkif&m rdrdwdkU EdkifiHwGif; rl0g'rsm;? wnfqJOya'rsm;udk pDtmpDeJU udkufnDrI &dSapzdkU taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufaeMuygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJU pDtmpDudk 1991 Zlvdkif 16 &ufaeUrSm yg0ifvufrSwf a&;xdk;cJhygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 1993 Zlvdkif 14 &ufaeUrSm jrefrmEdkifiH uav;oli,fOya'udk jyXmef;ay;cJh&if; 1930 rSm xkwfcJhwJhOya'eJU 1955 cku xkwfjyefcJhwJh uav;oli,frsm; tufOya'udk 'DOya'topf jyXmef;jcif;eJUtwl zsufodrf;cJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh 2001 ckESpf rSm uav;oli,f enf;Oya'udk xyfrHxkwfjyef jyXmef;cJhygw,f/
uav;oli,fOya'eJU ygwfoufNyD; tao;pdwf ajymae&if Oya'bmom&yfudk oifae&ovdk pdwfr0ifpm;olrsm;twGuf ysif;p&m aumif;aerSmyg/ 'gaMumifh pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;wJh tydkif;av;awGeJU odoifhodxkdufwJh tydkif;av;awGudk aumufESKwfazmfjy xkwfEIwfa&;om;ay; ygr,f/
uRefawmfh&JU ydkUpfawGu jrefrmjynfu uav;oli,fawGtwGuf wpfaxmifh wpfae&muae tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifhavmuf tusdK;&dSae&ifyJ auseyfrdrSmyg/
uav;oli,fawG&JU tusdK;pD;yGg;udk wwfEdkifoavmuf Oya'abmiftwGif;u taumif;qHk; apmihfa&Smuf yHydk;EdkifMuygapvdkU ...
udk,f&JU vlrIb0ygwf0ef;usif todkif;t0dkif;rSm uav;oli,fawG&JU tcGifhta&;awGudk wwfEdkifoavmuf vufqifhurf; qufvufjzefUa0EdkifMuygapvdkU ...
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